Bipolar Disorder Types:
Symptoms and Treatment
There’s a startling statistic that proves 50-70%
of individuals who live with Bipolar Disorder and do not seek treatment, self
medicate through the use of drugs (especially cocaine), alcohol, and sleeping medications.
What exactly is Bipolar Disorder, the symptoms and treatments and
the different types?
Bipolar Disorder (also known as Manic Depression) is a physical brain disorder that comes out in
emotional ways. Anything that causes an emotional response can lead to a
Bipolar Disorder mood swing. It is a
chemical imbalance in the brain.
Bipolar Disorder is different from the normal ups and downs that
everyone goes through in life. Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder are severe. As a result of the severity, damaged
relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide can be an
outcome of the illness.
Bipolar Disorder is not a character flaw, spiritual weakness or an
excuse. It is a real disease just like heart disease or diabetes. It is also a very treatable disease. However, if an individual does not seek
treatment, it can be life threatening.
There are three types of Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II
Disorder, and Cyclothymia.
1) Bipolar I Disorder is the most severe type of Bipolar Disorder. It
consist of severe “highs” (known as mania) and severe “lows” (major depression)
with “normal” moods in between.
Symptoms of “Mania” in Bipolar I Disorder include rapid
speech, risky behavior, paranoia, recklessness, irritability, rage, shopping
sprees, increased sexual drive, grandiose thoughts, over-confidence, paranoia,
very little sleep if any, impulsiveness, flight of thoughts (going from one
topic to another cued by words that trigger some other thought), and psychosis.
Psychosis
is the inability to distinguish reality from fantasy. Common psychotic symptoms are hallucinations
(hearing, seeing, or sensing the presence of things that are not actually
there) and delusions (false, strongly held beliefs not influenced by logical or
rational reasoning.) Sometimes severe
episodes of mania or depression include symptoms of Psychosis.
Symptoms of “Depression” in Bipolar Disorder are
uncontrollable sadness, irrational thoughts, isolation, severe fatigue,
anxiety, loss of interest in activities, guilt, hopelessness, pessimism,
worthlessness, decreased energy, severe fatigue, difficulty in concentrating,
difficulty making decisions, sleeping too much or too little, rage, worry,
confusion, restlessness, anger, psychotic episodes, suicidal thoughts and
suicidal attempts.
The best form of treatment for Bipolar I Disorder is medication
and talk therapy. Without medication and talk therapy, statistics prove that up
to 20% of people with Bipolar I Disorder commit suicide.
Medications that are commonly used in treating Bipolar I Disorder
are mood stabilizers, anti-depressants, psychotic medications, anti-seizure and
anti-anxiety medications.
Talk Therapy is just as important as medication when it comes to
treatment for Bipolar I Disorder. This
can be anything from Counseling, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Guided Imagery,
Support Groups and to many more.
2) Bipolar II Disorder is a more mild form of Bipolar Disorder.
Symptoms include episodes of “hypomania” (feelings of euphoria instead of
full-blown mania) that alternate with even longer periods of severe
depression. Psychosis is usually not a
symptom of Bipolar II Disorder.
“Hypomania” can be a very good feeling. With “hypomania”, though, comes a very long
period of severe depression afterward.
Depression in Bipolar II Disorder is focused on more in treatment
because it is so severe and over shadows the hypomania. Anti-depressants are commonly used the most
for Bipolar II Disorder, but sometimes mood stabilizers also help as well.
Talk therapy is another form of positive treatment for Bipolar II
Disorder.
3) Cyclothymia is the mildest form of Bipolar Disorder.
Individuals
diagnosed with this may function well in life and experience mild depression
with mild hypomania. However, those who live with Cyclothymia can become
severely ill in response to certain substances or medications such as
marijuana, alcohol, antidepressants, steroids, and high doses of
decongestants. These substances and
medications may increase their depression or trigger full-blown mania.
If treatment is needed, it’s usually an anti-depressant for the
mild to moderate depression episodes that may come with Cyclothymia.
Sub-Types of Bipolar Disorder:
Rapid-Cycling is a sub-type of Bipolar Disorder. People who are diagnosed with Bipolar
Disorder are sometimes defined as having a “Rapid-Cycling” form of Bipolar I
Disorder or Bipolar II Disorder if they have four or more episodes of mania or
depression in one year, in any combination.
Rapid-Cycling in Bipolar Disorder is a temporary phase and women
are more prone to it than men.
Ultra-Rapid-Cycling is when there are more frequent episodes (than
“Rapid Cycling” Bipolar) of depression or mania, with shorter times of normal
mood in between. Individuals can experience mood changes in the same day, or
even within an hour.
Mixed Mania is the most debilitating sub-type of Bipolar Disorder.
Symptoms of both mania and depression occur at the same time or
alternate frequently during the same day.
The person experiencing Mixed Mania Bipolar Disorder becomes
excitable and agitated, as in mania, but also irritable, depressed and full of
anxiety, instead of the euphoric feeling that is usually associated with mania.
Mixed Mania can be found in either Bipolar I Disorder or Bipolar
II Disorder and occurs in about 40-50 percent of Bipolar Cases.
Symptoms of Mixed Mania are restlessness, hyperactivity,
irritability and sometimes paranoia or mania, combined with symptoms of
depression and distress. A positive mood
or euphoric high that is usually experienced with classic mania or hypomania is
missing in Mixed Mania Bipolar Disorder.
People who live with this sub-type Bipolar Disorder are often more
impulsive and suicidal than those who
experience other forms of Bipolar Disorder.
They usually are not capable of being cooperative in a relationship, may
have a very low tolerance for stress, and frequently express anger or rage. These symptoms can occur in individuals with
Bipolar I or Bipolar II Disorder.
Medication treatments are helpful in treating Rapid Cycling,
Ultra-Rapid Cycling and Mixed Mania Bipolar Disorder. Mood stabilizers, anti-anxiety and medication
for psychosis are the most effective.
*As daunting as Bipolar Disorder seems, it can be treated and
people with this illness can lead full and productive lives. How do I know this? Because I was diagnosed with Bipolar I
Disorder Rapid-Cycling when I was 29 years old. Today, I live a stable, fulfilling life
through medication and talk therapy treatment.
There is hope and treatment for those who live with Bipolar
Disorder and for those who are caregivers.
It’s important to take one day at a time…one moment at a time and to
remember that recovery is not a destination, but a life long journey.